Ethylene Carbonate (EC): Properties, Applications, and Safety Guidelines

Ethylene Carbonate (EC) is a versatile organic compound that plays an important role in various chemical, industrial, and battery technologies. Known for its polar nature and ability to act as both a solvent and a precursor in chemical synthesis, Ethylene Carbonate has garnered significant attention in industries like lithium-ion batteries, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and polymer production.

In this blog, we will explore Ethylene Carbonate’s chemical properties, its key applications, and health and safety guidelines for ensuring safe and effective use across different sectors.

What is Ethylene Carbonate?

Chemical Formula: C₃H₆O₃
IUPAC Name: Ethylene carbonate
CAS Number: 96-49-1
Molecular Weight: 88.03 g/mol

Ethylene Carbonate is a cyclic ester or carbonate compound that is commonly produced through the reaction of ethylene oxide with carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, odorless liquid with a high polarity and high dielectric constant, making it useful in a variety of chemical and industrial processes.

Key Physical and Chemical Properties

Property	Value
Appearance	Colorless, odorless liquid
Molecular Weight	88.03 g/mol
Boiling Point	248°C (478°F)
Melting Point	36°C (97°F)
Density	1.322 g/cm³ at 25°C
Solubility	Soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, and chloroform
Viscosity	2.5 cP at 25°C
Flash Point	140°C (284°F)
Dielectric Constant	89.6 at 20°C

Applications of Ethylene Carbonate

1. Lithium-Ion Batteries

One of the most significant applications of Ethylene Carbonate is as a solvent in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It is used in the electrolyte solutions for LIBs, particularly in the high voltage cathode systems, where its high polarity and high dielectric constant make it an ideal solvent for lithium salts like LiPF₆.

Ethylene Carbonate improves the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and enhances the stability of the electrolyte at high voltages, making it crucial for the performance of modern lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs), mobile devices, and energy storage systems.

2. Solvent in Chemical Synthesis

Ethylene Carbonate is an excellent polar solvent for various chemical reactions, especially in the synthesis of polymers and other organic compounds. It is often used in:

Polymerization processes, such as the production of polyethylene carbonate (PEC) and polyurethanes.
Solvent for organic and inorganic compounds, particularly those that are polar or have high molecular weights.

It is also used as a reaction medium for carbonylation reactions and in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates.

3. Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Applications

Ethylene Carbonate has been employed in the cosmetic industry as a solvent for various active ingredients in skin-care formulations, creams, and lotions. Its non-toxic and non-irritating properties make it suitable for formulations requiring high-purity solvents.

In pharmaceuticals, Ethylene Carbonate is used in the preparation of certain oral and topical formulations, where it helps to enhance solubility and stability of drugs.

4. Electrolyte in Supercapacitors

Similar to its role in lithium-ion batteries, Ethylene Carbonate is used in supercapacitors as a solvent in electrolyte solutions. Supercapacitors are key energy storage devices, and EC improves the efficiency and stability of these devices, particularly in high-capacity and high-voltage applications.

5. Plasticizer for Polymers

Ethylene Carbonate can function as a plasticizer in certain polymer systems, particularly those that require a high degree of flexibility and thermal stability. It can be used in the manufacture of films, coatings, and flexible plastics.

6. Surface Coatings

In surface coatings and paint formulations, Ethylene Carbonate acts as a solvent that helps to achieve a smooth finish. Its low volatility makes it useful in high-performance coatings that require long-lasting and durable finishes.

7. Polymer Electrolytes and Fuel Cells

Ethylene Carbonate is also used in the development of polymer electrolytes for fuel cells, where it can help in the transportation of ions in solid polymer electrolyte membranes. The compound’s high stability and ionic conductivity properties make it an attractive option for energy applications in fuel cells and solid-state batteries.

Health and Safety Considerations

Health Effects:

Ethylene Carbonate is generally considered low toxicity; however, proper care must still be taken to avoid prolonged exposure. Health risks include:

Inhalation: Inhalation of vapors or mist can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, nose, and throat, resulting in coughing, shortness of breath, or dizziness.
Skin Contact: Prolonged contact with Ethylene Carbonate can cause skin irritation or dryness. It is important to wear gloves and other protective equipment when handling the substance.
Eye Contact: Contact with the eyes may cause irritation, including redness, watering, or a stinging sensation.
Ingestion: Swallowing Ethylene Carbonate can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea and vomiting. Ingestion of large amounts may require medical intervention.

Fire and Explosion Hazards:

Ethylene Carbonate is not highly flammable, but it has a relatively low flash point of 140°C (284°F), and under extreme conditions, it can ignite. In case of fire, Ethylene Carbonate will decompose and release potentially toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

Use fire extinguishers suitable for chemical fires.
Avoid open flames and high heat sources when handling or storing Ethylene Carbonate.

Environmental Considerations:

Aquatic Toxicity: Ethylene Carbonate is considered low hazard to aquatic life, but like many chemicals, it should not be released into the environment. Large amounts of EC in water could be harmful to aquatic organisms.
Biodegradability: Ethylene Carbonate is biodegradable, but care should be taken to ensure proper disposal to minimize environmental impact.

Storage and Handling Guidelines

Storage:

Store Ethylene Carbonate in airtight, sealed containers in a cool, dry place away from heat and direct sunlight.
The storage area should be well-ventilated to prevent the accumulation of vapors, and containers should be labeled appropriately.
Avoid storing Ethylene Carbonate near oxidizing agents, strong acids, or bases.

Handling:

When handling Ethylene Carbonate, always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats.
Ensure that good ventilation is in place, especially in confined spaces or areas with high temperature.
Use proper fume hoods and dust extraction systems when handling Ethylene Carbonate in laboratory environments.

???? First Aid Measures:

Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with soap and water. Seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Inhalation: Move the affected person to fresh air immediately. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water and seek medical attention if a large amount has been ingested.

Market Outlook and Demand for Ethylene Carbonate

The demand for Ethylene Carbonate is expected to rise as industries such as electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and pharmaceuticals continue to grow. The increasing use of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors will drive the demand for high-performance solvents like EC, especially in green technologies focused on energy storage and sustainable manufacturing processes.

Additionally, its role as a plasticizer and electrolyte solvent continues to support applications in polymer and battery industries, both of which are expected to grow significantly in the coming years.

Conclusion

Ethylene Carbonate (EC) is a versatile and essential compound widely used in industries ranging from lithium-ion batteries to pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Its polar nature, high dielectric constant, and solvent properties make it an indispensable chemical in applications requiring stability, solubility, and ionic conductivity.

While generally safe, proper safety protocols should always be followed when handling Ethylene Carbonate to avoid health and environmental risks.

Contact Us

Phone : +49 1512 4714765 ( Germany )
Phone : +1 (702) 381-3042 ( USA )
Email : [email protected]
Address : Cunostraße 56, 14193 Berlin. Germany
Address : 7373 Rowlett Park Dr, Tampa, FL 33610, United States.

Blog